BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abidor, Mitchell. Voices of the Paris Commune. 2015. Oakland CA: PM Press.
Bancroft, George. Poems. 1823. Cambridge, MA: The University Press.
Barnett, Marva A. Victor Hugo on Things That Matter: A Reader. 2010. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Blumenthal, Henry. “George Bancroft in Berlin: 1867-1874.” The New England Quarterly. June 1964. Vol. 37, No 2, pp. 224-241.
Brockett, L. P. Paris Under the Commune, or The Red Rebellion of 1871. 1871. Toronto: A. H. Hovey.
Brown, Howard G. Mass Violence and the Self: From the French Wars of Religion to the Paris Commune. 2018. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.
Carrington, Henry. Translations from the Poems of Victor Hugo. 1885. New York and London: White and Allen.
Christiensen, Rupert. Paris Babylon: The Story of the Paris Commune. (1994) New York: Penguin Books. 1996. [A fine social history, but with a large degree of gossip and scandal thrown in. To be relished, with caution.]
Communards: The Story of the Paris Commune As Told by Those Who Fought For It. Translated and edited by Mitchell Abidor. 2010. Pacifica, CA: Marxists Internet Archive.
Dutt, Turu. A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields. [Translations from many French poets, including Hugo.] 1876. Text available from Wikisource.
Edwards, Samuel. Victor Hugo: A Tumultuous Life. 1971. New York: David McKay Company, Inc.
Edwards, Stewart. The Paris Commune 1871. 1971. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.
Eichner, Carolyn J. The Paris Commune: A Brief History. 2022. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Emerson, Edwin, Jr. A History of the Nineteenth Century Year by Year. Volume 3. 1902. New York: P.F. Collier and Son.
Fetridge, William Pembroke. The Rise and Fall of the Paris Commune in 1871, with a Full Account of the Bombardment, Capture, and Burning of the City. 1871. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Gautier, Théophile. The Travels of Théophile Gautier. Volume VI: Paris Besieged. Translated and edited by F. C. de Sumichrast. (1902) Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. 1912.
Giardini, Cesare. The Life and Times of Victor Hugo. In the series Portraits of Greatness. 1969. London: Paul Hamlyn.
Gibson, William. Paris During the Commune, 1871: Being Letters from Paris and Its Neighborhoods. 1872. London: Whittaker & Company.
Gluckstein, Donny. The Paris Commune: A Revolution in Democracy. 2006. London: Bookmarks Publications.
De Goncourt, Edmond and Jules. Edmond and Jules De Goncourt, With Letters, and Leaves from Their Journals. Compiled and translated by M. A. Belloc and M. Shedlock. Two Volumes. 1895. London: Willliam Heinemann.
———. The Journal of the De Goncourts. Edited by Julius West. [No date.] London: Thomas Nelson and Sons.
———. Pages from The Goncourt Journal. Edited and Translated by Robert Baldick. 1980. London: The Folio Society.
Guimbaud, Louis. Juliette Drouet’s Love-Letters to Victor Hugo. Letters translated by Lady Theodora Davidson. 1915. London: Stanley Paul & Co.
Grant, Richard B. “Edmond de Goncourt and the Paris Commune.” The Massachusetts Review, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Summer 1971), pp. 521- 527. Accessed from www.jstor.org/stable/25088146
Halsall, Albert W. Victor Hugo and the Romantic Drama. 1998. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Holland, Owen. British Responses to The Paris Commune of 1871. 2022. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Hooker, Kenneth Ward. The Fortunes of Victor Hugo in England. 1938. New York: Columbia University Press.
Horne, Alistair. The Fall of Paris: The Siege and the Commune of 1870-71. (1965) Revised Edition, 1990. London: Penguin.
———. The Terrible Year: The Paris Commune, 1871. (1971) London: Phoenix. 2004 edition, with a new foreword.
Howard, Michael. The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France 1870-1871. (1961) London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Ebook 2005.
Howe, M. A. DeWolfe. The Life and Letters of George Bancroft. Volume II. 1908. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Hozier, H.M. The Franco-Prussian War. Two volumes. Epub version. [No date or publisher indicated].
Hugo, Victor. Actes et Paroles, Volume 3. Project Gutenberg ebook #8454, released July 2005.
———. Actes et Paroles: Depuis l’Exil 1870-1871. [No date]. Paris: J. Hetzel & Cie.
———. Actes et Paroles: Depuis l’Exil 1870-1885, and “Mes Fils” (1904) Paris: Albin Michel. [Volume 38 of a complete Hugo series originally published in 1904. Includes the fourth part 1876-1885 published after Hugo’s death by Hetzel.] 1945.
———. l’Année Terrible. Fourth edition. 1872. Paris: Michel Lévy Frères.
———. l’Année Terrible. n.d. Paris: Eugène Hugues. [Lavishly illustrated with wood engravings based on art by J.P. Laurens, L. Flameng, Emile Bayard, D. Vierge, Ed. Morin, LIX, and Victor Hugo. Also includes “La Libération du Territoire”].
———. l’Année Terrible. Edited by Yves Gohin. 1985. Paris: Gallimard. [In French only, with some annotations (minimal), chronologies, prose selections, and notes on the dating of individual poems.]
———. Les Châtiments [The Chastisements]. 1853. From Oeuvres Complètes de Victor Hugo. Poésie IV. Paris: Édition Hetzel-Quantin. 1882. Text available from Wikisource.
———. The History of a Crime: The Testimony of an Eye-Witness. Translated by T.H. Joyce and Arthur Locker. From Project Gutenberg text 10381, released December 4, 2003.
———. The Letters of Victor Hugo, From Exile, and after the Fall of the Empire. Edited by Paul Meurice. 1898. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
———. Memoirs. English version from Project Gutenberg etext vhugo10.txt prepared February 2001.
———. Memoirs of Victor Hugo. Translated by John W. Harding. 1899. New York: G. W. Dillingham Co. From Project Gutenberg text No. 20580, released February 14, 2007.
———. Napoleon the Little. 1909. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
———. Poems. Volume 1. Guernsey Edition. 1892. Estes and Lauriat. [Includes selections from L’Année Terrible. Translators unattributed.]
———. Poems. Volume 3. Guernsey Edition. 1892. Estes and Lauriat. [Includes selections from Les Châtiments. Translators unattributed.]
———. Select Poems and Tragedies. 1890. London, New York, and Melbourne: Ward, Lock and Co. [Various translators, credited on contents pages and after each poem. Includes four poems from l’Année Terrible.]
———. Selected Poems of Victor Hugo. 2001. Translated by E H. Blackmore and A. M. Blackmore. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [Includes brilliant translations of nine poems from Les Châtiments and five poems from l’Année Terrible.]
———. Selected Poetry. Translated by Steven Monte. 2002. New York: Routledge. [Includes four poems from The Terrible Year and an excellent discussion of Hugo’s poetics and the challenges of translation.]
———. Ninety-Three; Things Seen; Essays. Volume VII. International Edition. Introduction by Robert Louis Stevenson. [No date.] New York: The Hamilton Book Company.
———. Victor Hugo’s Intellectual Autobiography (Postscriptum de Ma Vie). Translated by Lorenzo O’Rourke. 1907: New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company.
———. The Works of Victor Hugo. Volume 9. (Poems, Dramas). Compiled by Henry Llewellyn Williams. Boston and New York: The Jefferson Press. [Translators attributed in table of contents pages].
———. The Works of Victor Hugo. Volume 21. (Poems, Volume III). 1887. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. [Translators attributed in table of contents pages].
———. Things Seen [Choses Vues]. Two Volumes. 1887. New York: George Routledge and Sons.
Jellinek, Frank. The Paris Commune of 1871. (1937). The Universal Library. New York: Grosset & Dunlap. 1965.
Josephson, Matthew. Victor Hugo: A Realistic Biography of the Great Romantic. 1946. New York: Doubleday & Co.
Joughin, Jean T. The Paris Commune in French Politics, 1871-1880. The History of the Amnesty of 1880. Volume II: The Final Amnesty. 1955. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press. [Series title: The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science, Series 73 No. 1, 1955.]
Lause, Mark. Soldiers of Revolution: The Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune. 2022. London: Verso Books.
Leighton, John. Paris Under the Commune, or The Seventy-Three Days of the Second Siege. 1871. London. [Many plates and illustrations.]
Lissagaray, Prosper-Olivier. History of the Paris Commune of 1871. Translated by Eleanor Marx. 2012. London: Verso.
March, Thomas. The History of the Paris Commune of 1871. 1896. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Company.
Maurois, André. Olympio: The Life of Victor Hugo. Translated by Gerard Hopkins. 1956. New York: Harper & Brothers.
McAuliffe, Mary. Paris, City of Dreams: Napoleon III, Haussmann, and the Creation of Paris. 2020. London: Rowman & Littlefield.
McCabe, James D. History of the War Between Germany and France. [With over 100 engravings and maps.] 1871. National Publishing Company and Jones, Junkin & Company.
Merriman. John. Massacre: The Life and Death of the Paris Commune. 2014. New York: Basic Books. [The most up-to-date and seemingly least-biased history of the Commune.]
Revolution and Reaction: The Paris Commune 1871. Edited by John Hicks and Robert Tucker. 1971. The University of Massachusetts Press. [Twenty-two articles by various authors reprinted from The Massachusetts Review, Volume 12, No. 3 Summer 1971.]
Robb, Graham. Victor Hugo. [Biography.] 1997. Picador.
Ross, Kristin. Communal Luxury: The Political Imaginary of the Paris Commune. 2016. London: Verso.
Schulkind, Eugene. The Paris Commune of 1871. Pamphlet G.78. 1971. London: The Historical Association.
Shappard, Nathan. Shut Up in Paris. Second Editon. 1871. London: Richard Bentley & Son.
Smith, George Barnett. Victor Hugo: His Life and Work. 1885. London: Ward and Downey. Epub edition by Good Press, 2022. EAN 40640660358. [Epub lacks footnotes or bibliography.]
Starr, Peter. Commemorating Trauma: The Paris Commune and Its Cultural Aftermath. 2006. New York: Fordham University Press.
Strauss-Schom, Alan. The Shadow Emperor: A Biography of Napoleon III. 2018. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Sumner, Charles. The Duel Between France and Germany, With Its Lesson to Civilization. [Text of lecture.] 1871. Boston: Lee and Shepard.
Thomas, Edith. The Women Incendiaries (Les Pétroleuses). Translated by James and Starr Atkinson. 1966. New York: George Braziller.
VanderWolk, William. Victor Hugo in Exile: From Historical Representations to Utopian Vistas. 2006. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press.
“Victor Hugo’s Estimate of Germany.” The Open Court. Volume 29 No. 10. October 1915. Pages 577-582. [Unsigned editorial article, including an English translation of “The Choice Between Two Nations.”].
Washburne, E.B. Franco-German War and Insurrection of the Commune. U.S. Senate, 45th Congress, Second Session, Document No. 24. 1878. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Wawro, Geoffrey. The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870-1871. 2003. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Werningerode, Stolberg. “Bismarck and His American Friends.” Virginia Quarterly Review. Summer 1929. Vol. 5, No. 3.
Copyright © 2025 by Brett Rutherford
All Rights Reserved